Intro to German Slave Camps 1940-1945
These files are all compiled by different groups:
Another slave camp list - Zweitausendeins.de download ZA_Eng.pdf
Another Slave camp list in Germany, Poland & other nations in Excel format firmen_lager.xls. Provided by alan newark braveheart562002@yahoo.com
Arbeitslager definition: Work camps for forced labor were guarded and movement of inmates restricted.
Arbeitsziehungslager definition: Workers' Education camps - for those who broke their contracts or didn't produce their quota, needed to be re-educated. Basically punishment. Death rate high.
Concentration camp definition:
1) a guarded enclosure for the detention or imprisonment of political prisoners, prisoners or war, aliens, refugees
2) an area for the assembly of military personnel. The Nazis established 15,000 camps in occupied countries.
Konzentrationlager - Under this heading, these camps were under the command of the Reichssicherheitshauptamt (RSHA) . All types of prisoners were committed: Nacht and Nebel (NN), political, Jehovah's Witness who refused to go into war labor, homosexuals, habitual criminals, Jews, and Ukrainians who helped the Jews. Later in the war workers and prisoners were treated equally poor. Death rate high.
The situation of the slave laborer
Dutch / Netherlands slave labour
http://www.documentatiegroep40-45.nl/dwangarbeid/missing.htm
Ostarbeiters (Workers from the East) / Arbeitsbuch (Workbook)
Ostarbeiter worker from the East wore OST badges
SEARCH data base Polish version for VICTIMS OF OPPRESSION: http://lwww.straty.pl/index.php/pl/szukaj-w-bazie
Eyewitness accounts of the Ukrainian Ostarbeiter (worker from the East) are virtually non-existent although there were 2,244,000 of them from Ukraine (according to historian Yuri Kondufor). A total of 3 million Osarbeiters were taken to Germany so Ukrainians constituted about 75 percent of the entire total. Ukaine according to some sources, lost about 10 million people in World War II, which was the greatest loss of any country in the war. http://collectinghistory.net/ostarbeiter/index.html
More on Ostarbeiter: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:WWII_OST.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OST-Arbeiter
OST-Arbeiter (German: Ostarbeiter, English: Eastern Workers) was a designation for slave workers gathered from Eastern Europe to do forced labor in Germany during World War II. The Ostarbeiters were mostly from the territory of Reichskommissariat Ukraine (eastern Ukraine). Ukrainians made up the largest portion although many Belarusians, Russians, Poles and Tatars were also present.[1] Estimates put the number of OST-Arbeiters between 3 million and 5.5 million.[2] Some estimates place the number as high as 8.5 million workers. [who?]
Most were very young, under the age of 16, as those older than 16 were usually conscripted. 30% were as young as 14 years of age when they were taken to Germany.[2] By November 1943 the age limit was dropped to 10.[2] 50% of those taken from Ukraine were girls and women.
OST-Arbeiters from Reichskommissariat Ukraine were forced to wear a dark blue and white badge with "OST", the German word for East.
http://www.smorodsky.com/forcedlabor-exec-summary.html
Internierungslager - Civilian Internment Camps
Jews were not the only ones earmarked for death in Hitler's Plan. All those labled at untermensch (subhuman) would be worked to death. The death count was huge in most of the concentration camps. The Nazis would require the slaves to dig ditches, trenches and the "undesirables" would be thrown in and burned. Others were sent to crematoriums. Many died of illness. Many were executed. Many starved. Some were buried alive.The undesirable were not just Jews, but Ukrainians, Polish, gypsies, homosexuals, aged, ill, intellectuals, and the list goes on. If you were of value to the Nazi's; you weren't executed, but could be worked to death. If they didn't kill you, hunger, the bitter cold, bad living conditions and typhus took its toll.
Prisons - Inmates were sent from the judicial courts, such as people's court, Volksgerichtshof.
Sicherungslager / Security Camps - persons held while awaiting trial; if not cleared would be rerouted to a concentration camp or prison.
Sonderlager / Special Camps - segregated for special treatment. Sentences were supposed to be short term; however, many prisoners served very long terms. Death rate high.
Straflager and Strafgefangenenlager - penal or punishment camps, such as Emsland camps, more severe, similar to Konzentrationlager.
Uniform Identification tags
German and foreign political opponents of the Nazi regime were frequently arrested and sent to jails, labor and concentration camps. Their prisoner uniform had a red triangle, often with the initial for their country of origin (P for Poland, I for Italy, OST for east, ).
Wohnlager - unguarded housing communities.
Russians or Ukrainians? Stats are misleading:
Nationality
|
Workers 1,900,000 227,000 274,000 183,000 230,000 140,000 130,000 5,000 2,000 50,000 ----------- 4,795,000 |
P/W's 600,000 400,000
63,000
------- 1,873,000 |
Politicals 11,000
8,900
1,000
------ 23,200
|
Total 2,500,000 627,000 277,000 254,000 230,000 140,000 130,000 15,000 5,000 2,000 50,000 ---------- 6,691,000 |
---|
Concentration camps chart:
http://history1900s.about.com/library/holocaust/blchart.htm
Statistics Jews only:
http://www.shoaheducation.com/camps/statistics.html
Concentration camp list: http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/cclist.html#intro
http://www.jewishgen.org/ForgottenCamps/
Nazis Recruiting Ukrainians: Here is poster calling Ukrainians to come work in Germany for the war effort. It wasn't so difficult for Ukrainians to work for Germany because they hated Stalin. Previously in 1932-33 Stalin killed off 10 million Ukrainians in the orchestrated Famine-Genocide, denying the famine and not allowing food to come in. Nazi's promised them an independent Ukraine. The posters shows the Nazi army pushing back the Reds. |
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These poems are taken from my book, Language of Mules: MY MOTHER TALKS ABOUT THE SLAVE LABOR CAMPS
1. THE PLACES SHE LIVED
She has the peasants' view of the world: He was shouting, screaming. We were always being moved around. | 2. HOW HER MOTHER AND SISTER DIED Sometimes, my mother says, her home The singing prayer leads her to the grave She waves the dreams away with her hand |
3. THE BEETS She tells me of the beets she dug up The first beet she remembers, She ate the raw beet, even though She says, sometimes she pretended If she could've given them her breasts She wonders what was her reward |
4. WHAT THE WAR TAUGHT HER My mother learned that sex is bad, She learned that if you are stupid She learned that only the young survive She learned that the world is a broken place She learned that you don't pray |
I've started a blog about my parents and their experiences in the slave labor camps in Germany, and later their experiencs in the US as DPs. I've posted about why I write about them, about how they came to America, about what it was like in the DP camps after the war.
I thought you might like to see the blog. Here's the link: http://lightning-and-ashes.blogspot.com/
Dr. John Z. Guzlowski
Professor Emeritus
Eastern Illinois University
By MATT MOORE – Mar 25, 2008
BERLIN (AP) — The names of some 3.5 million people displaced after World War II have been provided to Holocaust memorial groups and museums in the United States, Israel and Poland by a recently opened archive of Nazi-era documents.
The International Tracing Service of the International Committee of the Red Cross said Tuesday that it had handed over a third round of digitally copied documents to the Yad Vashem Memorial in Jerusalem, the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington and the Warsaw-based National Institute of Remembrance.
The archive, based in Bad Arolsen, Germany, said the transfer involved copies of index cards that feature the names of people who were freed from Nazi concentration and labor camps as well as prisoners of war.
"It is essential that we can share, thanks to the opening of the archives, our documentation on the fate suffered by the victims of the Nazi regime," said Reto Meister, the ITS director. "This will facilitate access to the information that is of such great value to the victims and their families, irrespective of whether they live in Europe, Israel or America."
There are millions of index cards, documents and files in the ITS archive, some of which contain detailed family histories. The archive made its first distribution of copied documents late last year, to make access easier for family members, friends and now researchers.
For more than 60 years, the information was locked away in the secretive archive, which houses records scooped up by Allied troops from concentration camps, Nazi SS offices and postwar displaced-persons compounds.
It will take the ITS two more years to finish copying onto hard drives the 16 linear miles of papers that fill a half dozen buildings. So far, around 67 million images of documents have been transferred to the memorials and museums.
Sharing the files will allow survivors
and victims' relatives to see true images of documents — transportation lists, Gestapo orders, camp registers,
slave labor booklets, death books — that demonstrate their tortures and
that may have determined whether they lived or died.
On the Net:
* International Tracing Service: http://www.its-arolsen.org
* U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum: http://www.ushmm.org
* Yad Vashem: http://www.yadvashem.org
* Institute of National Remembrance: http://www.ipn.gov.pl/wai/en/10/5
Submitted by Laurence Lkrupnak@erols.com
Many historians make a distinction between slave labor, usually performed by POWs or concentration camp victims and including severe abuse, and forced labor, frequently performed by foreign civilians working against their will, but under somewhat more humane conditions
The characterization of forced labor as more humane than slave labor is a relative one: for example, while female forced laborers at Volkswagen were treated better than concentration camp inmates, forced laborers' infants were taken from them and kept in an unheated, bug-infested nursery, where nearly all of them died from neglect. Because Calif. Stats. 1999, Ch. 216, covers companies using both slave and forced labor, the Social Issues Service uses the term forced labor as an inclusive term, describing labor that may have been forced or slave. The term forced appears in this report only in cases where companies described their laborers as slave laborers to the Social Issues Service; however, in some cases this may be the result of the language barrier rather than an indication that slave, as opposed to forced, labor was used.
The Slave Labor Program Nazi Conspiracy & Aggression http://fcit.usf.edu/HOLOCAUST/resource/document/DOCSLA1.HTM
Notes from 23 May 1939 meeting held in Hitler's study at the Reichs Chancellery:
The raw materials as well as the fertility of the conquered territories and their human labor power are to be used completely and conscientiously to the profit of Germany and their allies." (016-PS) The theory of the "master race," which underlay the conspirators' labor policy in the East, was expressed in the following words by Erich Koch, Reichskommissar for the Ukraine, at a meeting of the National Socialist Party on 5 March 1943 in Kiev:
"2. I will draw the very last out of this country. I did not come to spread bliss. I have come to help the Fuehrer. The population must work, work, and work again *** for some people are getting excited, that the population may not get enough to eat. The population cannot demand that, one has only to remember what our heroes were deprived of in Stalingrad *** We definitely did not come here to give out manna. We have come here to create the basis for victory. [Page 877]
What the nations can offer in the way of good blood of our type, we will take, if necessary by kidnapping their children and raising them here with us.
Whether 10,000 Russian females fall down from exhaustion while digging an anti-tank ditch interests me only in so far as the anti-tank ditch for Germany is finished ***." (1919-PS)
Polish Forced Labor in Nazi Germany http://www.thornb2b.co.uk/P/
Hitchcock and the Holocaust: "Memory of the Camps" PBS film: https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/film/memory-of-the-camps/FRONTLINE-Feb 2, 2015
Night Will Fall, a documentary that recently aired on HBO, tells the story behind what has been called “Alfred Hitchcock's lostHolocaust film” ...Vimeo film: https://vimeo.com/126475724 Memory of the camps: Bergen-Belson and others54:28 --- Aushwitz,
55::?? --- Here 4 million people were starved to death (Men, Women ad Children) ALL dead?
55:?? --- Sound stoppes
55:30 --- The final reels were filmed by Russian cameraman and the Film/reels are MISSING? But the script is in tact.
55:52 --- Sound returns
Submitted by: Alan Newark, braveheart562002@yahoo.com
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/03/02/holocaust-researchers-catalogue-nazi-ghettos_n_2797031.html
Holocaust Researchers Catalog 42,500 Nazi Ghettos, Camps; Numbers Are 'Unbelievable'
Posted: 03/02/2013
Researchers from the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum have concluded that over 40,000 Nazi camps and ghettos existed during Hitler's reign of terror between 1933 to 1945.
The total is far higher than most historians had previously estimated, according to The New York Times.
Geoffrey Megargee and Martin Dean, the lead editors of the project, have compiled the thousands of sites in a multivolume encyclopedia that is being published by the Holocaust Museum. Each volume catalogs thousands of sites, providing a comprehensive history of the "living and working conditions, activities of the Jewish councils, Jewish responses to persecution, demographic changes, and details of the liquidation of the ghettos."
The Holocaust Museum team also created maps of the sites, which were scattered across Europe, and which imprisoned or killed between 15 and 20 million people [not just Jews].
Essentially, this study shows the Holocaust was far more extensive than even historians comprehended.
Hartmut Berghoff, director of the German Historical Institute, said the research is simply astounding, reports The Times.
"We knew before how horrible life in the camps and ghettos was," he said, "but the numbers are unbelievable."
The researchers' work may also help Holocaust survivors attempting to sue insurance companies or recover stolen property.
"How many claims have been rejected because the victims were in a camp that we didn't even know about?" said Sam Dubbin, a lawyer who represents survivors.
Over the years, many scholars have worked to uncover the lost or unknown victims of the Holocaust, and some have insisted the death toll is higher than what the textbooks say. The number of Jews killed is often listed at around six million.
Father Patrick Desbois told the London Times in 2009 that after years of investigating mass graves in Ukraine, [Olga's note: mass graves in Ukraine include ten million of Ukrainians killed by Nazis and Stalin and not just Jews.] he feels the death toll should be revised upward.
This latest research is yet another piece of evidence that can be used to refute the fringe movement that continues to deny the Holocaust took place, or that its terrible legacy has been exaggerated for political gain.
World War II - Germany and Japan Use Slave Laborers to Produce Weird Weapons
Overlooked Millions: Non-Jewish Victims of the Holocaust
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